In the scoring criteria for coherence and cohesion (CC), cohesion involves logically connecting paragraphs and sentences to discuss the main argument of the essay. Below, I just outline the eight most common types of argumentative logic used in IELTS writing, along with their linking words and examples.
Logics, Linking Words and Examples
Comparison
Scenario
Highlighting similarities or differences
Linking Words
“Similarly,” “in contrast,” “on the other hand”
Example
…
While cities often provide numerous job opportunities, rural areas offer a higher quality of life. In contrast, city dwellers frequently face long commutes and crowded living conditions, which can lead to increased stress. On the other hand, residents in rural areas enjoy spacious homes and a slower pace of life, contributing to better mental health and overall well-being.
…
Cause and Effect
Scenario
Showing how one event leads to another
Linking Words
“As a result,” “consequently,” “therefore”
Example
…
The rise in global temperatures is a pressing concern for our planet. As a result, many species are facing extinction due to changing habitats and food sources. Consequently, ecosystems are being disrupted, which can lead to unforeseen consequences for human populations, such as increased natural disasters and food shortages.
…
Examples
Scenario
Illustrating a point with specific cases
Linking Words
“For instance,” “for example,” “such as”
Example
…
Many countries are adopting renewable energy sources to combat climate change. For instance, Denmark has invested heavily in wind energy, generating nearly 50% of its electricity from wind turbines. Such as this, Germany is also expanding its solar energy capabilities, demonstrating the effectiveness of renewable resources in reducing carbon emissions.
…
Enumeration/List
Scenario
Providing a list of points or arguments
Linking Words
“Firstly,” “secondly,” “in addition,” “lastly”
Example
…
There are several key factors contributing to the success of online education. Firstly, it provides flexibility, allowing students to learn at their own pace. Secondly, online courses often offer a wider variety of subjects compared to traditional schools. In addition, they can be more cost-effective, reducing travel and accommodation expenses.
…
Hypothesis
Scenario
Presenting a theoretical or conditional scenario
Linking Words
“If…then,” “supposing that,” “assuming that”
Example
…
If governments were to implement stricter regulations on pollution, then we could see a significant improvement in air quality within a few years. Supposing that industries adopt cleaner technologies, the long-term benefits would include not only a healthier population but also reduced healthcare costs.
…
Emphasis
Scenario
Highlighting the importance of a point
Linking Words
“It is crucial to note,” “what is more,” “importantly”
Example
…
It is crucial to note that education plays a vital role in economic development. What is more, investing in education can lead to higher productivity and innovation, ultimately benefiting society as a whole. Importantly, nations with well-educated populations tend to experience more stable economic growth.
…
Concession
Scenario
Acknowledging an opposing viewpoint
Linking Words
“Although,” “even though,” “despite this”
Example
…
Although there are arguments for and against the use of technology in the classroom, many educators agree that it can enhance learning experiences. Even though some believe it distracts students, the effective integration of technology can facilitate more interactive and engaging lessons.
…
Summary/Conclusion
Scenario
Wrapping up a point or reinforcing argument
Linking Words
“In summary,” “to conclude,” “overall”
Example
…
In summary, addressing climate change requires a multifaceted approach that includes renewable energy, sustainable agriculture, and policy changes. To conclude, by working together, individuals, governments, and organizations can create a more sustainable future for generations to come.
…
By mastering these eight types of argumentative logic and their corresponding linking words, you can enhance the clarity and flow of your IELTS writing. Remember, a well-structured essay not only makes your arguments more persuasive but also keeps your readers engaged. So, practice incorporating these strategies into your writing, and you’ll be well on your way to achieving a higher score. Happy writing!
